• 2025-10-31
• A.T. Olusesi, C.P. Arannonu, O.J. Adetunji, A.I. Oyedeji
• Volume 1, Issue 2

Abstract

A wireless sensor network (WSN) is a group of sensor nodes that use wireless technology to interact, monitor and regulate their surrounding environment. The small nodes that make up WSNs have different communication and detection ranges than those of regular networks. Sensor nodes work with the receiver node to identify physical occurrences in the vicinity and send the data. Modern cyber-physical systems now rely heavily on WSNs for real-time monitoring, environmental sensing, and intelligent decision-making in a variety of fields, such as environmental monitoring, smart cities, smart homes, smart grid, healthcare, and automation in industry among others. Despite the benefits and significance of WSN technology, energy optimization of nodes within the network still requires further improvement to prolong the network lifetime. Therefore, this study developed an efficient energy management model for WSNs using Enhanced Mayfly and Ladder Diffusion (EMALD) algorithm to efficiently manage the energy resources in order to prolong the network lifespan. Matrix Laboratory (MATLAB) was used to simulate the EMALD technique which was hypothetically applied to a WSN environment. Using a variety of performance metrics, including packet delivery ratio (PDR), throughput (TP), delivery delay (DD), and energy consumption (EC), the developed EMALD was validated against Firefly Algorithm Proficient Routing (FAPR) and Diffusion Ladder Cat Swarm Optimisation (DLCO). The obtained result shows that, EMALD performed better than the existing FAPR and DLCO in managing the energy resources of WSN.

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